查看“为手机安装Linux”的源代码

== 该章节将引导你为一些手机安装主线Linux操作系统 ==
注意：本教程中，操作环境为64位Ubuntu，目标机器为OnePlus6T，我们将尝试利用UEFI在OnePlus6T上启动Archlinux
* 不同于Windows, Linux的安装过程可能具有一定的复杂性，步骤繁杂，方案多样，如果你使用不同的机型，请先仔细阅读本文和搜索资料；此外，主线Linux的开发（内核驱动移植，制作dts等）不在本文讨论范畴内。
[[文件:Archlinux-neofetch-op6t.png|缩略图]]
=== 1 编译内核 ===
sdm845成品：
[Releases · silime/kernel-builder (github.com)](https://github.com/silime/kernel-builder)
==== 1.1 安装相关依赖 ====
对于Ubuntu 22.04 LTS:

 sudo apt install build-essential openssl pkg-config libssl-dev libncurses5-dev pkg-config minizip libelf-dev flex bison  libc6-dev libidn11-dev rsync bc liblz4-tool  
 sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu dpkg-dev git

==== 1.2 克隆内核源码 ====
你可以在“-b”参数后选择其他分支

 mkdir ~/workspace
 cd ~/workspace
 git clone --depth=1 https://gitlab.com/sdm845-mainline/linux.git -b sdm845/6.8-dev

可用分支可在gitlab网页查看

==== 1.3  生成 .config ====
 make ARCH=arm64 defconfig sdm845.config
 # generate .config

==== 1.4 进行编译 ====

 make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- -j$(nproc)

生成deb包供Debian系得GNU/Linux使用

 make -j$(nproc) ARCH=arm64 KBUILD_DEBARCH=arm64 KDEB_CHANGELOG_DIST=mobile CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- deb-pkg
 # This will generate several deb files in ../

=== 2 制作rootfs ===
==== 2.1 下载 ====
对于Archlinux，从http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz下载

 cd ~/workspace
 wget http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz

对于Ubuntu，从 [Index of /ubuntu-base](https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/)选择自己想要的版本
==== 2.2 制作 ====
===== 2.2.1 进入chroot =====
由于rootfs为ARM64，所以安装qemu-user-static
 sudo apt install qemu-user-static 

创建img并挂载

 dd if=/dev/zero of=archlinux.img bs=1G count=6
 mkfs.ext4 archlinux.img
 mkdir arch
 sudo mount archlinux.img arch

解压

 cd arch
 sudo tar -xpvf ../ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz

进入chroot环境

 cd ..
 sudo mount --bind /dev arch/dev
 sudo mount -t devpts devpts arch/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
 sudo mount -t proc proc arch/proc
 sudo mount -t sysfs sysfs arch/sys
 sudo mount -t tmpfs tmpfs arch/run
 
 sudo rm -rf arch/etc/resolv.conf && sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf arch/etc/
 
 sudo chroot arch
===== 2.2.2 初始化pacman keyring =====
 pacman-key --init
 pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm
===== 2.2.3 换源 （可选） =====
详见 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/archlinuxarm/

 pacman -Syyu
 # upgrade

===== 2.2.4 卸载旧的内核和firmware =====
 pacman -Q | grep -i linux
 pacman -R linux-aarch64 linux-firmware linux-firmware-whence
 
 exit
 # exit chroot environment

===== 2.2.5 安装新的内核 =====
* 确保已经退出`chroot`环境
然后：
 cd ~/workspace/linux
 sudo make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-  INSTALL_MOD_PATH=~/workspace/arch modules_install
 sudo make ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_PATH=~/workspace/arch/boot install
如果是`debian`系也可以直接chroot环境中用dpkg安装deb：<code>dpkg -i *.deb</code>
===== 2.2.6 安装新的firmware =====
* 可以尝试从PostmarketOS<ref>https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/OnePlus_6T_(oneplus-fajita)</ref>中提取
进入chroot环境
 sudo chroot ~/workspace/arch
移动解压得到的文件
 mv * /usr/lib/firmware/
 ldconfig
修改/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
 nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
找到
 # BINARIES
 # This setting includes any additional binaries a given user may
 # wish into the CPIO image.  This is run last, so it may be used to
 # override the actual binaries included by a given hook
 # BINARIES are dependency parsed, so you may safely ignore libraries
 BINARIES=()
在`BINARIES=()`填入`xxxx_zap.mbn/ipa_fws.mbn`的路径
这两个固件的来源一般是手机提取并放在特殊的位置加载（具体由`dts/dtsi`指定）
对于fajita，改为：
  BINARIES=(/usr/lib/firmware/qcom/sdm845/oneplus6/a630_zap.mbn /usr/lib/firmware/qcom/sdm845/oneplus6/ipa_fws.mbn)
生成initrd.img
 ls /usr/lib/modules
 # get kernel version
 mkinitcpio --generate /boot/initrd.img-5.18.0-sdm845-00109-gf7ad1e5036bb-dirty --kernel 5.18.0-sdm845-00109-gf7ad1e5036bb-dirty
===== 2.2.7 安装软件包和基本配置<ref>https://archlinuxstudio.github.io/ArchLinuxTutorial/#/</ref> =====
====== 2.2.7.1 设置时区 ======
 ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
 # Shanghai
====== 2.2.7.2 设置locale ======
参考：https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Locale

 nano /etc/locale.gen
 # uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
 # uncomment zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
 
 locale-gen

====== 2.2.7.3 自定义主机名 ======
 # For example
 echo 'OnePlus6T' > /etc/hostname

====== 2.2.7.4 alarm（Archlinuxarm内置非root用户）配置 ======

更改alarm密码，并添加到wheel用户组

 passwd alarm
 # Change its password. Default is "alarm"
 
 usermod -aG wheel alarm

添加sudo，设置sudo权限

 pacman -S sudo
 EDITOR=nano visudo

 找到下面这样的一行，把前面的注释符号 `#` 去掉

 #%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL